Police Misconduct Laws and Claims in Indiana

 

 

 

Karpe Litigation Group

 

What’s Considered Police Misconduct?

The term police misconduct refers to illegal or inappropriate action engaged in by police officers.

A police officer’s conduct can be considered police misconduct in a variety of ways. For example, if an officer performs an unlawful search and seizure or makes a false arrest, it can be considered misconduct. It’s also misconduct if an officer uses excessive force. It’s important to remember, however, that an officer is permitted to use reasonable force if a suspect resists arrest.

Police Misconduct Laws and Claims In Indiana: At A Glance:

You can access the chart provided by FindLaw that provides a helpful overview of police misconduct laws and claims in Indiana. For more detailed information, please visit the links also provided in the chart.

  • Statutes
  • Official Misconduct
  • When A Police Officer May Make An Arrest
  • When A Police Officer May Use Force
  • Related Statutes

Note: State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts (including federal decisions), ballot initiatives, and other means. While we strive to provide the most current information available, please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state law(s) you are researching.

Overall, police misconduct may be on the rise, but laws that protect citizens from police misconduct remain the same. The unalienable civil rights of Americans are protected by the U.S. constitution, and cannot be denied by police officers, no matter the circumstances.

If you think you have been a victim of police misconduct, and your rights have been denied, then you need an experienced lawyer knowledgeable in protecting your civil rights. No matter where you are within the state of Indiana, Karpe Litigation is here to provide justice. 

Give us a call to schedule a free consultation 1-888-228-7800.

*Our law firm only accepts Civil Rights & Police Misconduct claims that result in significant physical injury.

Why It’s So Hard to Win Police Misconduct Cases

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Legal cases involving police misconduct often don’t make it to trial. Even when they do, they are difficult cases to win.

civil rights violation case

While the majority of Indiana law enforcement officers do their jobs admirably and conduct themselves with honorable dignity, that’s not always the case.

Consider the Elkhart, Indiana Police Department. In November 2018, Elkhart mayor Tim Neese suspends police chief Ed Windbigler following the release of a video showing two Elkhart police officers punching a handcuffed man in the face. Less than a month later, Mr. Windbigler resigns as police chief amid the controversy and his disciplinary actions – or the lack thereof. Under Chief Winbigler’s watch, 28 of his department’s 34 supervisors have disciplinary records, with 15 of his officers suspended more than once, according to an exposé by the South Bend Tribune and ProPublica. Several of these supervisors still hold their positions, including Assistant Chief Todd Thayer and Patrol Chief Capt. Brent Long.

While most police departments in Indiana and other states don’t have the kind of disciplinary issues of the Elkhart Police, officers are subject to allegations of misconduct and abuse on a consistent basis. It’s rare for these cases to be pursued in criminal court, so most police misconduct and abuse cases are generally civil suits brought by the victims of misconduct. They sue for monetary compensation in the hope of recouping the necessary funds to pay medical bills or to compensate them for mental and emotional distress related to their experience.

Unfortunately, cases involving police misconduct rarely make it to trial. And if they do, they takes a long time to get there, thanks in large part to tactics utilized by defense teams.

Public Safety Officials Behaving Badly

Police misconduct is defined as any time a public safety official abuses the power of their position or office. This behavior includes:

  • Excessive force
  • Police brutality
  • Police shooting
  • Abuse of power
  • Physical violence
  • Undue restraint
  • Unnecessary and degrading strip searches
  • Sexual assault
  • Blackmail and coercion
  • Racial profiling

What Can Happen With A Police Misconduct Case in Court

When a police misconduct lawsuit is first filed, it is assigned to a district court judge. The defense attorney representing the officer alleged to have committed the misconduct can file a number of motions to dismiss the entire case or select elements of the case like a piece of evidence. The defense can also file motions for hearings that can dismiss a trial, depending on their outcome.

A common defense tactic is a hearing for summary judgement. In this hearing, the alleged victim must prove to the court that there is a dispute on a material fact in the case. The victim must sway the court ruling that a reasonable jury would 1) believe the allegations and 2) the facts in the case would prove liability. Many police misconduct cases are a “he-said, she-said” situation, so many times the judge will rule against the alleged victim. The case stops cold.

The Qualified Immunity Standard

Another nullifying tactic used by the defense in police misconduct and brutality cases is the qualified immunity standard. This states that an alleged victim must prove two things:

  1. That a reasonable officer in the same position would have known the conduct is unlawful
  2. That the conduct is clearly established as unlawful

Many times, these standards are applied in a way that is not fair to the alleged victim. As Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor notes in her dissent on Kisela v. Hughes, “Such a one-sided approach to qualified immunity transforms the doctrine into an absolute shield for law enforcement officers, gutting the deterrent effect of the Fourth Amendment. It also sends an alarming signal to law enforcement officers and the public … It tells officers that they can shoot first and think later, and it tells the public that palpably unreasonable conduct will go unpunished.”

police misconduct defined

The Influence of Rule 609 in Civil Courts

When a case actually makes it to trial, routine police violence rarely leads to a favorable outcome for victims. Many times, this has to do with the Federal Rule of Evidence 609.

The spirit of this rule comes from a time of Common Law when people with criminal records are deemed “unworthy of belief.” In fact, until 1917, people with convictions were not allowed to testify in court.

Congress and the judicial branch codified this practice in 1975 under Rule 609. Today, “crimes of dishonesty” such as fraud and perjury are automatically admitted as evidence. Judges have the discretion of admitting prior felonies up to 10 years old.

What This Means for Alleged Victims

In cases of police misconduct where the alleged victim has a prior criminal record that is allowed in court as evidence, jurors may see this as an issue of credibility. This prejudice can present a formidable challenge for the prosecution. Attorneys cite difficulties with jurors who simply will not believe a person who has criminal convictions, no matter the circumstances of the impending case.

An investigative article on HBO’s Vice News Tonight website finds a California jury would not award a drug dealer compensation after a police shooting. A jury member in Chicago tells the lawyer of a man with a burglary conviction who’d been beaten by police that his client “got what was coming to him.”

Latisha Cure’s Case with the Miami-Dade Police

A glaring example of the effects of Rule 609 is the civil case of Latisha Cure in Miami, Florida. Latisha was celebrating her boyfriend Michael Knight’s birthday with him and their friend, Frisco Blackwood. While driving home from a club, police tail them to a dead end and fire on the vehicle. The police later testify they thought the car was backing up, so they opened fire. They shot 27 bullets into the car, killing Michael and Frisco and shooting Latisha in her thigh.

During the seven years it takes for Latisha to get her case to trial, her life falls apart. She is convicted of several felony drug charges. This information, while not at all related to this case of police brutality, is admitted into evidence and referenced by the defense team for the police officers 32 times during the trial.

One of the police officers on trial, Ryan Robinson, has a disciplinary file that includes two DUI car crashes, one that injured two girls in a parking lot. None of Officer Robinson’s convictions are admitted as evidence.

The result? After a 10-hour deliberation, Latasha loses her case 7 to 1. The officers who killed two men and injured Latisha are exonerated. 

Personal Attention from Professional Attorneys

If you or a loved one have experienced police misconduct and are considering a civil suit, contact the professional attorneys at Karpe Litigation Group today. We are experts in police misconduct and civil rights law, winning the most challenging cases and helping those in need for 20 years and counting. There is no fee until we win for you. Committed to making things easy for you, we are happy to meet by appointment on evenings and weekends, and travel to you when needed. Give us a call today at 1-888-228-7800 or fill out our contact form to schedule your free initial consultation.

The Difference Between Basic Rights and Civil Rights

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If you think your rights may have been violated, the first question to ask your lawyer is whether it is a protected civil right under the law.

civil rights and anti-discrimination laws

If you ever feel as if your rights are violated, you may wonder whether you should take legal action against the perpetrators. However, only a number of basic rights are considered civil rights, protected under civil rights legislation and anti-discrimination laws. So, the first question to ask your lawyer is whether or not a “protected civil right” has been violated.

Types of Civil Rights Violations 

Police Misconduct

Police are granted broad powers to uphold the law, but there are restrictions on how far they can go for this endeavor. The videotaped beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers is a prime example of police going too far. The victims of this type of misconduct have legal recourse through federal and state laws. The purpose of these laws is to protect citizens from abuses by government, including the police.

Police officers are immune to lawsuits resulting from conducting their jobs properly. Mere negligence, or the failure to exercise due care, is not enough to demonstrate liability. There must be willful, unreasonable conduct in order for a victim to support the claim of a civil rights violation.

Discrimination in the Workplace

Workplace discrimination happens on many levels. Discrimination can occur during the hiring process and during employment. There is direct discrimination, also called disparate treatment, where someone treats or causes others to treat an individual unfairly, usually due to stereotypes. There is also indirect discrimination, also called disparate impact, when a policy or condition is imposed that disadvantages a protected group.

Abuse in Schools and Nursing Homes

Elder abuse in nursing homes has been on the rise. Organizations such as Medicare say they will be looking into the matter, but many lawmakers like Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, do not think the action is quite enough. “A crime is a crime wherever it takes place,” Mr. Grassley says in a statement. “It’s unacceptable for more than one-fourth of potential crimes in nursing homes to apparently go unreported.”

While schools are required by law to report allegations of abuse, data shows that these cases are heavily underreported. As part of an ongoing investigation into sexual misconduct in public schools, educators and public officials who are required by state law to report the potential abuse of children to police or other law enforcement, such as child welfare authorities, did not fulfill those obligations.

Illegal Search and Seizure

An illegal search and seizure is a violation of the Fourth Amendment. According to Cornell Law School, “An unreasonable search and seizure is a search and seizure by a law enforcement officer without a search warrant and without probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime is present.” In Mapp v. Ohio, 347 U.S. 643 (1961), the Supreme Court held that the exclusionary rule applies to evidence gained from an unreasonable search and seizure.

ADA Compliance

Standards for the Americans with Disabilities Act apply to commercial and public entities that have “places of public accommodation,” which includes Internet locations. The Department of Justice recently says in a statement, “The Department is currently developing regulations specifically addressing the accessibility of goods and services offered via the web (such as Netflix) by entities covered by the ADA. The fact that the regulatory process is not yet complete in no way indicates that web services are not already covered by title III.”

Hiring Discrimination

According to Upcouncel, “Hiring discrimination is the refusal to hire a job applicant because of his or her race, nationality, gender, family status, age, disability, religion or sexual orientation.” While sometimes misconduct during the hiring process is blatant, it can also occur with less obvious of a bias. As a result, certain questions cannot be asked in an interview, as they are protected by discrimination laws. These topics include:

  • Current or future children
  • Marital status
  • Race
  • Religion
  • Sexual preference
  • Age
  • Disabilities
  • Citizenship status
  • Drug or alcohol use

Misconduct of Government Officials

Most members of government and law enforcement are honest and reliable but there are certain exceptions to that standard. The Innocence Project is dedicated to shining a light on the individuals who make up that exception. According to the Innocence Project, common forms of misconduct by law enforcement officials include:

  • Employing suggestion when conducting identification procedures
  • Coercing false confessions
  • Lying or intentionally misleading jurors about their observations
  • Failing to turn over exculpatory evidence to prosecutors
  • Providing incentives to secure unreliable evidence from informants

Housing Discrimination

Under Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act), as amended, discrimination is prohibited in the sale, rental and financing of houses, and in other dwelling-related transactions, based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status (including children under the age of 18 living with parents of legal custodians, pregnant women and people securing custody of children under the age of 18) and handicap (disability).

what are my rights

Citizen Actions You Can Take To Protect Civil Rights

The protection of civil rights, also known in the justice system as “civil liberties,” along with the protection of political rights are widely viewed as a protection of human rights, enforced by the Supreme Court and by the entire justice system. Become an advocate for your community. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU organizes letter-writing parties, protests and other grassroots campaigns to get involved and act against violations of civil rights.

Personal Attention from Professional Attorneys

If you believe your civil rights have been violated, talk to the professional attorneys at Karpe Litigation Group today. We are experts in police misconduct and civil liberties law, winning the most challenging cases and helping those in need for 20 years and counting. There is no fee until we win for you. Committed to making things easy for you, we are happy to meet by appointment on evenings and weekends, and travel to you when needed. Give us a call today at 1-888-228-7800 or fill out our contact form to schedule your free initial consultation.